2020考研经济学人外刊精讲赏析-上海实行最严垃圾分类规定

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　　7月1日，上海正式开始实行《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》，这一条例也被人称为最严垃圾分类规定。新规要求人们按照干垃圾、湿垃圾、可回收垃圾和有害垃圾的标准分类投放垃圾。今天你是什么垃圾?以下是《经济学人》20190706期"上海实行最严垃圾分类规定"外刊精讲赏析，关于黑龙江考研免费复习资料、黑龙江考研分数线等内容欢迎访问黑龙江研究生招生信息网。

　　Cheerleaders and police usher in a new era of trash-sorting

　　【翻译】倡导者和警察开创垃圾分类的新纪元

　　“What kind of rubbish are you?” This question might normally provoke anger, but in Shanghai it has elicited weary groans over the past week. On July 1st the city introduced stringent trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for the country.

　　【翻译】“你是什么垃圾?”这种问题往往会惹人恼怒，但在过去一周的上海，这一问题引发了人们疲倦的呻吟。7月1日，上海出台了严格的垃圾分类规定，或将成为全国垃圾分类的范例。

　　Residents must divide their waste into four separate categories and toss it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance (and to inquire into the nature of one’s rubbish.) Violators face the prospect of fines and worse.

　　【翻译】市民们必须将垃圾分为四类，并将其投入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在指定的时间(即监督员在场的时候)投放垃圾，以确保人们遵守规定(并调查每个人垃圾的种类)。违反规定者将面临罚款甚至更重的惩罚。

　　Shanghai authorities are responding to an obvious environmental problem. It generates 9m tonnes of garbage a year, more than London’s annual output and rising quickly. But like other cities in China, it lacks a recycling system.

　　【翻译】上海当局正在应对突出的环境问题。上海每年产生900万吨垃圾，超过了伦敦的垃圾年产量，并且还在迅速增长。但上海和中国其他城市一样缺乏垃圾回收系统。

　　Instead, it has relied on trash pickers to sift through the waste, plucking out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China churns out 80bn pairs of disposable chopsticks a year.

　　【翻译】取而代之的是，依靠拾荒者捡拾垃圾，筛捡出所有可以回收利用的垃圾。但这毕竟是有限的。随着人们的生活越来越富裕，愿意干这种脏活累活的人也越来越少了。与此同时，垃圾却越来越多了。中国每年生产800亿双一次性筷子。

　　The threat of punishment is integral to Shanghai’s drive. On the first day of enforcement the government sent 3,600 city-management officers, a quasi-police force, to 4,216 rubbish-collection points. They began by making an example of wealthy foreigners: the first warning was issued to Swissôtel Grand, a five-star hotel, for improper sorting.

　　【翻译】对于上海的垃圾分类运动来说，以惩罚来胁迫是必不可少的。在执行规定的第一天，政府派出了3600名城管人员(一支准警察部队)前往4216个垃圾收集点。他们首先向有钱的外国人下手，以儆效尤：针对瑞士大酒店垃圾分类不当的问题首次提出了警告。

　　Individuals who fail to recycle could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain bank loans or even buy train tickets.

　　【翻译】将可回收垃圾分错类的个人将面临最高200元(约合29美元)的罚款。对于屡次违规者，他们的信用记录将被加上黑点，将很难申请银行贷款，甚至很难购买火车票。